Transition from traditional education to online learning

Change from conventional instruction to web based learning The spread of the web has started an upward pattern in the arrangement of online courses in the United States. Various instructive organizations are offering on the web programs in courses with appeal, eminently the Information Systems.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Transition from conventional training to internet adapting explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the different business powers that upgrade the progress from customary training to web based learning are their reasonableness, openness, adequacy, and the communication they offers to their members. Basically, 90% of taking in involves data move from the educator to the understudies. The speed of data move whenever and anyplace through the web makes web based adapting moderately modest contrasted with the customary training framework. Most recent reports recommend that since 1998, the expenses of conventional instruction in the United States have been taking off at a disturbing pac e of 5% per annum. Be that as it may, internet learning is applying descending weight on these costs. For example, one junior college in Arizona is offering on the web courses at a reasonable expense of $32/credit hour for in-state people and $67/credit hour for out of state understudies. Quick procurement of instructive data by understudies through the web lessens the time period for course finishing subsequently decreasing the expense of learning. For instance, Officials at University Online Publishing have uncovered that internet learning lessens the standard 16-week school course to about two months making it moderate (Raymond, 2010). The viability of internet learning estimated by the fulfillment of the students has impacted the change from conventional training framework immensely. By and large, the customary study hall condition is delineated as instructor focused as opposed to understudy focused. The teacher is depicted as brain desensitizing speaker who rambles on while the students sit indifferently attempting to get a handle on sufficient data for the assessment purposes just (Markel, 2004). Then again, web based learning is recognized to be more understudies focused, collective, and gives a majority rule picking up setting.Advertising Looking for paper on instruction? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Students become self inspired and can pick learning exercises as per their capacities, premiums, and professions. The teachers stop being instructors, prophets, and data transmitters to being coaches, facilitators, and aides. Besides, web based learning furnishes the understudies with a chance to concentrate additional time and consideration on exact substance zones in this manner making it more powerful than the conventional framework where accentuation on different modules or units of a course are at the instructor’s discretion(Raymond, 2010). In any learning experience, cooperation be tween the members is a significant segment and has become the most diligent build in separation instruction. Web based learning offers the part of cooperation that is inadequate in the past framework, consequently its quick change. The cooperation through messages, notice loads up and talk rooms has discarded the spot and time hindrances between genuinely removed students and their coaches (Raymond, 2010). This cooperation has restored the study hall setting and allowed understudies to learn in their advantageous time and spot. E-learning is likewise disposing of seclusion, upholding for unexpected experiences and giving scholarly trade significant to all (Raymond, 2010). Truth be told, students through e-learning can get individual and moment reaction from both their companions and teachers. Web based learning is obviously increasingly beneficial and is being perceived as appropriate training framework. This has lead to an amazingly quick progress from the customary instructive fra mework. Indeed, late information demonstrate that low maintenance students in advanced education override the quantity of full time understudies (Raymond, 2010). Reference Raymond, K. (2010). Quality and Effectiveness of eLearning: Learning-on-Demand Program (LoD). New York: McGraw-HillAdvertising We will compose a custom paper test on Transition from conventional training to internet adapting explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Book Review Last Song

In The Last Song God is talked session a ton and accept since Sparks was Catholic, that impacted him to include his religion into his Story. I for one don't see the creator in the Story. I figure he would not like to include himself in the book. The book is written in third individual perspective. The perspective written in the book enables the peruser to comprehend what the character was feel Eng and the inking. All through the story, the creator utilizes a ton of abstract gadgets. No less than each other page has a scholarly gadget to it. A typical one I found all through the story is simile.Of our own it's the most well-known abstract gadget. Ronnie cherishes her sibling â€Å"even however they battle like felines and dogs† and â€Å"still [takes] him to the recreation center each weekend† (Ronnie, 23) indicating that she is as yet ready to get things done for her solitary sibling. Steve, Ronnie and Jonahs father, shows his adoration for his kids all through the nove l. â€Å"Spending time with Joana had been similar to discovering exceptional treasure,† Steve cherished his children and investing energy with them, â€Å"and he needed to invest time with [Ronnie] as well† (Steve, 1 00) and needed to be a piece of their lives again.Love is a primary topic all through the story and keeping in mind that affection is indicated contrastingly by each character, it is no different. Steve has love for music and his youngsters. Ronnie has love towards her family and Will who she met and experienced passionate feelings for throughout the late spring. What's more, Joana cherishes investing energy with his dad and singling out his sister. The story is about a young lady named Ronnie, who needs to go through the late spring with her father and sibling. She spent time with an inappropriate group toward the start yet after an episode she remained away. While there she meets Will, a person who encourages her trust again.He helped her locate her act ual self and develop into a young lady. It requires some investment for Ronnie to let her dad once more into her life again in light of the fact that she was angry with him for leaving. The story had bunches of expressions I enjoyed. One specifically yet it is discourse between two fundamental characters. ‘†Can I ask you an inquiry? ‘ (Will) ‘I'm not certain I can stop you. â€Å"‘ (Ronnie, 151) don't have the foggiest idea why however out of the whole discourse in the story that part just leaped out. It indicated how straight forward Ronnie can be. The story is composed utilizing present day English. It isn't to old were o can't comprehend it.At the start of the Story, Ronnie felt far off with her dad, perhaps despise towards him. At the point when I was in center school used to treat my folks with chilling disdain. So I can sort of identify with how Ronnie felt toward the start of the story. My preferred character is Ronnie in light of the fact that she will say â€Å"what [is] on her mind† (Will, 145) and not care what others think. Marcus is my least most loved character. He â€Å"[thinks] just about himself† (Ronnie, 138) and his character bugs me. In the start of the story Ronnie felt like she didn't have a place. In center school when I just began as a 6th grader used to feel like I didn't belong.But in the long run simply like Ronnie, began feeling like that is the place I should be. Actually delighted in the whole story. It had its cheerful minutes and other self-contradicting minutes that made this story one of my top choices. My preferred piece of the story is when Ronnie visited Will's home just because. She resembled a fly in a glass of milk; the writer composes, â€Å"She should have arrived on mars† [Ronnie, 227] demonstrating my point that she believed she didn't have a place there. My least most loved part was when Blaze planted some Cad's in Rennin's sack so it seemed as though she was shopl ifting.Blaze realized what might befall her in light of the fact that Ronnie said she was unable to be found shoplifting again during the year or they would not drop the charges from the other time she did it. Would suggest this book. I have perused it a few times and seen the film, each time discovering something new in it. The book has a clashing consummation of it yet the message it gives is brilliant. Truly, anyone would appreciate this, Nicholas Sparks composing pulls at the heart strings, on the off chance that you are willing o put the energy into understanding this, you won't think twice about it since it is a decent book.

Using the Rare Apostrophe in Spanish

Utilizing the Rare Apostrophe in Spanish The punctuation is never utilized in present day Spanish. Its utilization is restricted to expressions of outside beginning (normally names) and, infrequently, verse or idyllic writing. Spanish understudies ought not emulate the normal employments of the punctuation in English. Outside Words Me siento vieja. Pero, cest la strive. I feel old. Be that as it may, such is life.Un jack-o-light es una calabaza tallada a mano, asociada a la festividad de Halloween. A jack-o-lamp is a pumpkin cut by hand and connected with Halloween festivities.Sinà ©ad Marie Bernadette OConnor es una cantante nacida en Dublã ­n, Irlanda. Sinã ©ad Marie Bernadette OConnor is a vocalist conceived in Dublin, Ireland.McDonalds ofrece una gran variedad de alimentos de alta calidad. McDonalds offers a major assortment of top notch nourishments. Note that in all the above cases the words would be perceived as being of remote starting point. In the initial two cases, the utilization of the words with punctuations would be viewed as a Gallicism and Anglicism, separately. Writing and Poetry The punctuation can once in a while be found in hundreds of years old verse or writing as a method of demonstrating that letters have been overlooked. Such use is once in a while found in present day composing, and afterward just for artistic impact. Nuestras vidas child los rã ­os/que van a dar en la deface,/ques el morir. Our lives are the waterways/that stream to provide for the ocean,/which is demise. (From Coplas de Don Jorge Manrique por la muerte de su padre, 1477.)â ¿ ... quã © me ha de aprovechar ver la pintura/daquel que con las oh dear derretidas ...? ... what might it be able to assist me with seeing the artistic creation of that one with the dissolved wings ...? (From the twelfth piece of Garcilazo de la Vega, c. 1500-1536.) One special case in present day utilization is the slang spellings of mijo and mija for mi hijo and mi hija (my child and my girl, separately). Such a spelling ought not be utilized in formal composition. As per the Royal Spanish Academy, the punctuation ought not be utilized in the accompanying cases, which are viewed as Anglicisms: To abbreviate years, for example, utilizing 04 for 2004. Just 04 can be utilized instead.To make plurals. The Spanish word for punctuation is apã ³strofo. An apã ³strofe is a particular sort of affront.

Music assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Music - Assignment Example The Gypsy Laddie additionally proves confinement and changing convictions with the reference to the woman running with the tramps and leaving her Lord and kid mirroring the changing status in the network at the time with Lords and vagabonds. Balladic recipes included the utilization of repetitive expressions, verses, and lines to communicate story thoughts and underline the ditty account making it simple to recall the expressions of a song while basic modifiers were utilized in evolving pitches. The equations took into consideration the recollecting of an abbreviated style of huge account delineating its significance in recalling words in a number. Instances of recipes and normal modifiers incorporate the stock words, entire refrains, gradual redundancy, phrases. In melodies, the Lily-White hand spoke to the up and coming event of emotional activity remembering assault or temptation as obvious for Prince Heathen and Katherine Jaffray including assault and torment and salvage individually. Different recipes utilized in numbers remember dressing for rich clothing, where to get a bonny kid, and playing at the ball. Saving the verses or keeping the â€Å"emotional core† flawless was significant in light of the fact th at it spoke to â€Å"time respected articulations of repetitive song acts† with equations encouraging remembrance (Harris, 22). Other than confinement, different powers of progress that influenced ditty verses incorporate awareness of class contrasts, expanded proficiency levels/training, urbanization, religion, and distinctive social qualities and practices (Buchan, 236). There is a potential association between African American spirituals and the Underground Railroad, and the greater part of the researchers accept that an association exists among otherworldliness and the Underground Railroad arrange. Instances of words utilized in the Underground Railroad organize that originate from otherworldly messages incorporate â€Å"Drinking Gourd† alluded to The Big Dipper who’s handle highlighted the North Star representing the North Start in the Bible that let the

LA Ministers to Promote Digital-to-Analog TV Conversion Essay Example for Free

LA Ministers to Promote Digital-to-Analog TV Conversion Essay Olivarez-Giles, Nathan. â€Å"L. A. Pastors Asked to Spread the Word about Digital TV. † Los Angeles Times. 10 Feb 2009. 10 Feb 2009. http://www. latimes. com/business/la-fi-digitaltv10-2009feb10,0,7978127. story. Outline On June 12, all audience members of Los Angeles †the biggest gathering of watchers at home in the nation †must have advanced to-anolog converters to have the option to sit in front of the TV, except if they are clients of satellite or digital TV. The Federal Communications Commissioner has solicited church pastors from Los Angeles to pass on this data to chapel individuals, including that there is no contrast between converter boxes sold for $40 and the costly ones for . Reaction I discovered Nathan Olivarez-Giles’ article â€Å"L. A. Priests Asked to Spread the Word about Digital TV† pleasant to peruse in light of the fact that it is hilarious. The creator alludes to the Federal Communication Commission asking â€Å"for divine assistance† with advanced to-simple TV change. In any case, the way that the Commission has picked chapels as its vehicle of correspondence with the general population depends on viable explanation. Chapels are liable for driving gatherings of individuals. On the other hand, if holy places are relied upon by government controllers to pass on this sort of data to people in general, they might be asked in future to go about as TV news channels for sure. A wide range of news might be passed on through the congregation. All things considered, there would be no distinction left between the congregation and neighborhood media. It is therefore that the writer has composed a clever article about the news. He makes reference to spreading â€Å"the word† with the mindfulness that temples were at first settled to get the message out of God. Since it is silly for government controllers to anticipate that the congregation should spread a wide range of data to its individuals, all together for this news not to sound as amusing as it does †it would be best for bureaucratic controllers to get the message out about converter boxes through nearby media, that is, papers, TV slots and radio. Temples have their own obligations that ought not be made a joke of. Hence, I totally can't help contradicting the Commissioner’s demand.

Illinois Commitment Four Years, Free Tuition

Illinois Commitment Four Years, Free Tuition Note: To view the most up-to-date details and requirements for this program, visit our Illinois Commitment webpage. As you finish up the first half of the school year, I want to remind you about our Illinois Commitment program. We want all high-achieving students across the state to be able to attend Illinois, regardless of family incomeâ€"and our four years, free tuition campaign can help! How do I qualify? Lets first dive into the information needed to understand what qualifies a student for Illinois Commitment. This criteria is outlined below: Youre a U.S. citizen or eligible noncitizenYou’re an Illinois resident (parents listed on the FAFSA are also Illinois residents)Your family income is $61,000 or lessYour family’s assets are $50,000 or lessYou’re under the age of 24You’re admitted as a new freshman or transfer studentYou attended and graduated from an Illinois high schoolYoure enrolled in a baccalaureate degree program for at least 12 hours during fall or spring semesters If some of this is confusing and youre still unsure if you qualify, you can review our frequently asked questions, give our Office of Student Financial Aid a call at 217-333-0100, or talk to your high school guidance counselor. What steps do I need to take to apply? If you think you qualify for Illinois Commitment, you should take the following 4 steps: Apply to Illinois. The deadline is January 5 for freshmen and March 1 for transfers.Submit your FAFSA. You must submit it by March 15 to be considered for the program.Check your financial aid status. Award letters are generally available beginning in mid-February.Enroll at Illinois. You must be admitted to Illinois and can accept your offer of admission any time up until May 1. If you think you qualify for Illinois Commitment, you may also qualify for an application fee waiver. Feel free to contact us for details. Is Illinois Commitment renewable? Absolutely! Illinois Commitment is renewable for a total of 4 years (8 semesters of continuous enrollment) for new freshmen, and for up to 3 years (6 semesters of continuous enrollment) for new transfers, as long as you continue to meet the following criteria: You must submit a FAFSA by March 15 prior to each academic year.You and your parent(s) must continue to be Illinois residents.Your total family income must be $67,100 or less.Your total family assets must be $50,000 or less.You must be makingSatisfactory Academic Progresstoward your degree.You must be enrolled in at least 12 hours during fall or spring semesters. What can I do if I don’t qualify? Dont worry! Students who submit the FAFSA but don’t meet the Illinois Commitment eligibility criteria will still be considered for other financial aid program funding. In addition, your application for admission doubles as your application for merit-based scholarships awarded through the university. You dont need to submit any additional materials to be considered for merit-based scholarships. Brian Senior Associate Director of Recruitment Outreach, Undergraduate Admissions I'm here to help high school students and their families navigate the college search process. An Illinois alumnus (LAS ’02), I had the honor to play football for the Orange and Blue.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities and Limits - 275 Words

Should Corporations be Engaged in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities? (Essay Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameInstructorCourseDateShould corporations be engaged in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities?Corporations ought to stay away from corporate social responsibility activities that a number of companies engage in as form of giving back to society. CSR, viewed by many as being beneficial to a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s image and brand, has been associated with a number of issues (Mohin, 7). It is likely that CRS will cause governments to impose much more control on business activities undertaken by companies. CSR has been associated with rise in costs of products as well as services in which case buyers will tend to stay away from overpriced products. They will opt to acquire such services from companies that never engage in voluntary corporate social responsibility (Mohin, 8). The outcome of CSR is increased regulatory measures by government instead of voluntary acquiescence. Other than regulatory measures, onerous as well as intrusive measures not seen previously will emerge, particularly in American markets (Mohin, 10).Corporate social responsibility is mired by problems since it has been found to undermine company managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s responsibilities. CSR restructures a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s business purpose. Consequently, other than traditional objectives of business which involve profit maximization, a corporation is held captive by interests of shareholders as well as its duty to protection of environment (Meltzer, 32). Since CSR spells out that management is responsible for both the environment and interests of shareholders, unfortunately, it is common to find managers not taking an interest in either of the two. CSR presents problems of competition, incompatibility and contradictory objectives. Traditionally, measures are put in place to ensure managers serve an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s interests. With adoption of CSR, such measures become stringent and unfavorable creating a hostile environment (Meltzer, 33).CS R has been found to critically diminish critical focus directed on proper governance. Although CSR creates emphasis on social and environmental issues, facts are that within developing nations, one fundamental concern is primarily governance. As a result, local and national authorities are burdened with ensuring accountability through open and fair decision-making processes (Meltzer, 34). Furthermore, CSR allows for inappropriate supposition of authoritarian power by corporations and businesses. Society should not leave establishment of centers of learning, protection of environment and structuring of medical care to businesses. Corporations do not have sufficient capacity to determine most urgent needs of society. It is not likely that businesses would address societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s issue in an all-encompassing manner (Meltzer, 35). Businesses are likely to concentrate within one location whereas issues being addressed are regional.Funds otherwise invested in CSR activities ought to b e rolled back into an organization or business. The main idea behind CSR is ensuring sustainability; companies are focused on outpacing one another through "focusing" on issues society is facing (Melter, 36). Funds employed in CSR should go into shareholders dividends, wage increment for employees whose hard work is responsible for a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬&t...

Organisational Culture - 1310 Words

What Is Organizational Culture? Organizational culture refers to a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that show employees what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.[1] These values have a strong influence on employee behavior as well as organizational performance. In fact, the term organizational culture was made popular in the 1980s when Peters and Waterman’s best-selling book In Search of Excellence made the argument that company success could be attributed to an organizational culture that was decisive, customer oriented, empowering, and people oriented. Since then, organizational culture has become the subject of numerous research studies, books, and articles. However, organizational culture is still a relatively†¦show more content†¦In addition to having implications for organizational performance, organizational culture is an effective control mechanism for dictating employee behavior. Culture is in fact a more powerful way of controlling and managing employee behaviors than organizational rules and regulations. When the company’s environment. To the extent shared values are proper for the company in question, company p erformance may benefit from culture.[5] For example, if a company is in the high-tech industry, having a culture that encourages innovativeness and adaptability will support its performance. However, if a company in the same industry has a culture characterized by stability, a high respect for tradition, and a strong preference for upholding rules and procedures, the company may suffer as a result of its culture. In other words, just as having the â€Å"right† culture may be a competitive advantage for an organization, having the â€Å"wrong† culture may lead to performance difficulties, may be responsible for organizational failure, and may act as a barrier preventing the company from changing and taking risks. In addition to having implications for organizational performance, organizational culture is an effective control mechanism for dictating employee behavior. Culture is in fact a more powerful way of controlling and managing employee behaviors than organizational rules andShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture And Organisational Culture1063 Words   |  5 PagesOrganisational Culture Organisational Culture is defined as what the employees perceive and how this perception creates a pattern of beliefs, values and, expectations. Organisational culture differs from organizational climate. Climate refers to more temporary attitudes, feelings and perceptions of individuals (Schneider, 1990). Culture on the other hand is an enduring, slow to change, core characteristic of organisations which is an implicit often indiscernible aspects of organisations, climateRead MoreOrganisational Culture1067 Words   |  5 PagesOrganisation Culture as there are many ways in which you can define the subject my interpretation of it is that it is structure of shared meaning which is held by members that differentiate the organisation from other organisations. Culture has its origin in the organisational interaction. The model put forward by Schein (1985) Schein divides organisational culture into three levels: Outer layer: These outer layers are at the surface, those aspects (such as dress) which can be easily recognisedRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Organisational Culture2209 Words   |  9 PagesLiterature on organisation culture has been involved rapidly and dynamically despite the relatively new to the concept (Schein, 2004). A considerable number of culture changes and management models have been developed by different scholars. The idea of management culture were hardly believed by many scholars. There are competing perspectives on the nature of organisational culture (Martin, Frost, and O Neill, 2006). The research method of organisational culture is fragmented and lacks ownershipRead MoreOrganisational Culture8269 Words   |  34 PagesThe topic canvasses the effects of organizational culture on the MA. This annotated bibliography is composed of research based, case study and literature reviewed articles, that all of them are recently published papers. Although in the aspect of mergers and acquisitions, organisational culture has various definition and encirclement (Riad, 2007), from recently introduced emotional intelligence (Harrison-Walker, 2008) to theoretical definitions (Schraeder Self, 2003), and also there are some debatesRead MoreOrganisational Culture And Organizational Culture2261 Words   |  10 PagesThroughout this essay organisational culture will be examined, including the two approaches mainstream and critical. What managers can do to shape culture and also an example of when culture has in fact been changed. Organisational culture can be acknowledged as the organisations personality; which is also referred to as corporate culture. Organisational culture is defined as the process of how things are dealt with within an organisation on a daily basis, affecting the employees and how they workRead MoreUnderstanding Organisational Culture752 Words   |  3 PagesOrganisational culture became popular in the 1980’s after the publication of Peter and Waterman’s best-selling book â€Å"In search of excellence†. It was made evident that company success had a strong correlation with organisational culture, thus competitive advantage for business. The concept of organisational culture is vastly growing in management and a subject of various research. According to the â€Å"Business dictionary† Organisational culture is defined as â€Å"The values and behaviours that contributeRead MoreOrganisational Culture And Organizational Culture1730 Words   |  7 PagesOrganisatio nal culture refers to ‘the shared beliefs and values guiding the thinking and behavioural styles of members’ (Cooke and Rousseau, 1988, in Bratton 2010: 334), indicating that employees who accept the common values of an organisation and put great effort on commitments are likely to build up a strong culture to an organisation. Edgar Schein (2004) proposed three levels of organisational culture. As employees go through changes, they gain experiences from the past, adapt to a new environmentRead MoreThe Influence of Organisational Structure on Organisational Culture2080 Words   |  9 Pagestheir parts such as staff, profit, products, strategy, technology, environment, structure and culture. These parts or factors can directly contribute to the strengths or weaknesses of an organisation and they are all interrelated. This essay will examine organisational structure and organisational culture and the influence mechanistic and organic structures have on organisational culture. Organisational structure, as defined by Hodge, Anthony Gales (1996), is â€Å"the sum total of the way in whichRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour - Organisational Structure and Culture1146 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational   Structure   and   Culture       Introduction    In order to understand and evaluate different business structures one must be aware of the exact meaning and standards, which make that structure. Different business function in different ways. The World today is full of innovative and new structures, company cultures and ways in which companies base their work. Globalization has emphasized the meaning of company culture in ways that have led to completely new ideas, whileRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Organisational Culture1916 Words   |  8 Pagesinterpretations on what organizational culture is; it can be defined as †¦ This essay will be discussing and explaining organizational culture and change, furthermore how culture can have an influence on behaviour at work. In addition there will be an discussion on the organizational culture of two UK businesses, as well Organisational Culture Organisational culture is described as a company’s personality or DNA. (Education Portal) has defined organisational culture as ‘a system of shared assumptions

Fiction or Nonfiction, War Has the Same Effect Essays

A true war story is not always true. Some would say a true war story is an experience from war. Others, who came from war, would say they make up stories to make war seem crazier than it really is. Tim O’Brian states that the story is fiction, but the moral is true. Tracy Kidder had written war stories based on his time in Vietnam, and his book is rated as nonfiction, even though he admits that some war stories are made up. Contained within The Things They Carried, is a story by a man named Mitchell Sanders. â€Å"Sanders tells a story about a group of soldiers that camped on a listening mission, and all they did was listen. They heard many different noises, and paranoia hit them. They ordered airstrikes on the motionless, noisy ground, and†¦show more content†¦The fact that Bill’s major wound is from being drunk doesn’t help with the believing part. â€Å"Bill later states that he may have made some pieces up to make his stories sound exciting† (Kidder 8). He doesn’t want to seem like the loser that did nothing in the war. He wants to be the hero, but the more lies he tells, the more he believes them. Between the two stories, they are both believable, but they both have a possibility of being false. In Sanders’ story, â€Å"He explains a very detailed story of soldiers hallucinating strange noises after doing nothing but laying and listening† (O’Brien 74). This seems true because people can tend to go insane if they do nothing for about a week. The piece that makes this unbelievable is the fact that Sanders says he made the story up, but the moral is true. Bill’s story seems true, â€Å"because people do not know what to expect from war, except for dreadful moments, and Bill’s losing of his good friend is a dreadful moment indeed† (Kidder 8). The drawback about Bill’s story is the fact that his greatest wound happened when he was drunk, so the question is if Bill made his story up to make himself look better. According to O’Brien, a true war story isn’t always true. The story can be completely false, but the point the writer/speaker is trying to get across could be the greatest advice a person could receive. The key to listening to a war story is to listen, just like Sanders’ story (O’Brien 74). Also, â€Å"The moral of a true warShow MoreRelatedThe Fiction Of Literature And Literature1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe nonfiction writer sits in a room, at a table, and claims he sees and relates the truth. Through the room’s door comes another. The writer assumes that other sees the same. Rather, that other sees the room’s light reflected differently upon the table’s surface and lines fading to different vanishing points. Despite this, the writer’s account of his sensations is printed and spread and known to his readers as nonfiction, thought to be of truth. Nonfiction, as illustrated, cannot legitimately holdRead MoreTruman Capotes In Cold Blood1591 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Dream. Capote wrote what he considered to be the first nonfiction novel. Simply defined a nonfiction novel is one in which an event is reported using traditional literary and rhetorical conventions to expose broader truths concerning humanity as a whole without going astray from the truth (â€Å"Nonfiction Novel†). Capote had long felt that journalism could expose broader truths concerning the human condition that fiction could not, as Capote explains in this excerpt from Inge’s Truman Capote:Read MoreSir Arthur Conan Doyle - The Mastermind Writer1589 Words   |  7 Pages Author Study: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle - The Mastermind Writer The name of Arthur Conan Doyle has become synonymous with classic detective fiction. Doyle is the creator of two of the most well-loved and widely recognized fictional characters of modern literature—the brilliant detective Sherlock Holmes and his faithful friend and assistant Dr. John Watson. Holmes has continued to impress generations of readers with his masterful use of deductive reasoning and keen observation inRead MoreEssay about Tim OBriens War Stories 2191 Words   |  9 PagesHighly controversial, the Vietnam War incited widespread anti-war protests throughout the United States. Those most averse to the war were the young adults who were greatly affected by the draft. Consequently, many demonstrations were held at colleges and universities. Strongly opposed to the conflict in Vietnam, Tim O’Brien participated in many of these rallies during his time at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota. Although O’Brien had a bright future awai ting him at Harvard Graduate SchoolRead MoreThe Circles And Loops By Antonia Susan Drabble Byatt1570 Words   |  7 PagesChapter One Words on the â€Å"Circles and loops† Antonia Susan Drabble Byatt, the one who has been writing during all her life stats: †¦words have been all my life, all my life-this need is like the Spider’s need who carries before her a huge Burden of Silk which she must spin out-the silk is her life, her home, her safety-her food and drink too--and if it is attacked or pulled down, why, what can she do but make more, spin afresh, design anew†¦. This sense that writing ended real, or even extraRead MoreThe Idea Of The Absurd3255 Words   |  14 Pagescreate stories, or gods, which in their minds transcend reality to fill this void and attempt to satisfy their need. Now Let’s Begin†¦ †¦ In many works of art there are many emphasizes of the absurdity of an individual’s existence while there are, at the same time, many things encouraging that idea that life’s meaning is from what the individual makes of it. Through this, a person may feel a stronger sense of M a r t i n e z | 2 individuality. In life and in literature the actions that many people takeRead MoreWriting For A Penny A Word Is Ridiculous1496 Words   |  6 PagesScientology’s beginning only sixty-two years ago it has been the source of a slew of controversy and ridicule. The founder of Scientology, Lafayette Ron Hubbard, was born March 13, 1911 in Tilden, Nebraska. Hubbard was the son of Harry Ross, a naval officer and Dora May (Waterbury de Wolf) Hubbard. L. Ron attended two universities, George Washington University and Princeton University. In between his years studying he was a freelance writer. During World War II he was a lieutenant in the military, and wasRead MoreContent Reading Of Social Studies2853 Words   |  12 PagesContent Reading in Social Studies Rachel Spencer Liberty University Abstract Content area reading in social studies has become difficult for some teachers especially since testing has put the emphasis on math and reading. Social studies has become almost nonexistent in some elementary school classes and if the classrooms still teach it, the social studies curriculum is watered down and an extension of the language arts curriculum. The literature surrounding reading in the contentRead MoreB Dubois Prejudice And Discrimination1717 Words   |  7 Pageswould have thought this to be impossible. W.E.B Dubois was known for many things from a historian, novelist, journalist, editor, political advocate and a sociologist (Horne). Dubois was known for his writing and had novels anywhere from fiction to nonfiction. He served as a founder and a principal operative of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and he was a leader of the council of African Affairs (Horne). Being born a free man, but battling prejudice and discriminationRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of John Steinbeck s The 1937 Words   |  8 Pagesworld of the written word. His created fictions have been cemented into educational curriculum in the middle/high school and university levels. While it can be debated of his literary genius, no one can deny the amount of influence he has had during the 20th century and beyond. Although Steinbeck is most commonly thought of a novel author first, the tendency of overlooking his involvement in journalism. His participation in this field has overarching ef fects on his fictional writing styles that produced

Voltaires Criticism of Leibniz Essay - 4061 Words

Voltaires Criticism of Leibniz The Enlightenment, or Age of Reason, was a time of great intellectual and moral growth for humanity. In part because of the increasing effect of the Protestant Reformation, people were starting to turn to reason for the answers to lifes questions, rather than to the dogmas of the Catholic Church. Scientific inquiry became widespread and accepted as the standard for inquiring into the nature of the universe. The scientific method was developed. For the first time in the history of art, perspective was used in paintings. (Now people who were farther away looked farther away). Great advances were made in medicine, in part because of pioneers like Leonardo da Vinci, who studied the human body†¦show more content†¦(World 11-33) The implication was that the king could perform any action that he wanted to perform, that this action would be sanctioned by God, and that the people had no recourse in the event of injustice. During the Enlightenment, the Social Contract theory of govern ment became popular, in part due to abuse of power by European monarchs. This doctrine was popularized by the political and philosophical writings of Locke, Hobbes, Kant, and Rousseau, among others. It held that humanity had originally existed in a state of nature, without any sort of government or law, and that people entered a compact with other individuals. The people, in entering into the contract, gave up some personal liberty to gain security and the other benefits of government intended to secure law and order. (Government 7-22; Philosophy 19-22) The social contract justification for the existence of government led to the establishment of the idea of government by the consent of the governed, a view which now forms the basis for the governments of the United States and other democratic countries. 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Leibniz is one of the philosophers who grappled with this problematic. For him, we live in the best of all possible worlds because God chose to create this world, and in trying to solve the problem of evil, his argument provides that the attributes of God

Depression And Its Effects On Depression - 1531 Words

Almost everyone in the world can suffer from the horrible feeling known as depression. Depression causes a deep sadness to a person and can have major effects on a human being’s life. As humans know life is sacred and no one wants to live life in a depressed state. In some cases depression can be repressed and even cured. Certain treatments like therapy and antidepressants are viable solutions for depression. About nine percent of Americans suffer from some form of depression. The different types of depressions include: dysthymia, postpartum depression, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. This paper will focus on the main types of depression, the role that antidepressants play on the regression of depression, and the effects hypnotherapy and cognitive therapy can have on depression. Many different people suffer from many different types of depression. One of the first types of depression is dysthymia. Dysthymia is a depression disorder that shares many forms of symptoms with different types of depression. It is a chronic depression but is not as severe as major depression. Dysthymia is characterized by depressed mood experienced most of the time for at least two years, along with at least two of the following symptoms: insomnia or excessive sleep, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor appetite or overeating, poor concentration or indecisiveness, and feelings of hopelessness. The second type of depression is postpartumShow MoreRelatedDepression And Its Effects On Depression1434 Words   |  6 Pagesthey will likely to suffer from depression. What is the meaning of depression? Depression can actually affect people’s thought and feelings, people who suffer from depression may feel sad, hopeless and lose their direction in doing things. Even though depression is a common illness in the society, people still consider depression as a sensitive topic and does not talk much about it. 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Human Resource †Escape to the Wild Free Essays

FINDINGS 1. 4 HR Activities Employee Relations When good employee relations are in place they can help to maintain a happy and motivated workforce. This function will be responsible for putting company policies and procedures in place regarding grievance/discipline, recruitment and selection, employee welfare, training and development, absence management/reporting and negotiating terms and conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource – Escape to the Wild or any similar topic only for you Order Now Doing this will minimise conflict, ensure staff are treated fairly and creates rules that everyone is aware of. At Escape to the Wild there are no policies and procedures in place, there are inconsistencies in terms and conditions, inconsistencies in matters relating to recruitment and selection practises and staff are also overworked. Putting good employee relations in place will minimise/avoid all of these problems within the company. Recruitment and Selection Having a proficient recruitment and selection function within a company can help to select the right people for the job. To implement this the company should look to analyse what jobs need to be filled, what the job description should be, what qualifications the candidates should posses and an idea of the characteristics of the individual. Once this has been decided then the search for staff can begin, this can be done by looking to fill the position internally, use a recruitment agency or by advertising the position. Once all successful applicants have been chosen then appointments should be scheduled for interview and possible aptitude testing. A candidate will then be selected and any references or qualifications should be checked. Letters should be sent out to unsuccessful candidates an offer of employment letter to the successful candidate. Any qualifications and references should also be checked. At Escape to the Wild there are no recruitment and selection processes in place and this has caused problems as there is not enough staff, managers are currently responsible for recruitment so taking up time that could be spent on doing their job and by putting a proper recruitment and selection function in place it will alleviate this problem. Training and Development By making sure employees are properly trained and developed means a company will continue to thrive and make profits. Properly trained staff will improve their attitude and knowledge and help staff meet and perform given tasks properly, by doing this it will help motivate them to undertake higher-grade tasks. When putting this into place the company should be looking at what skills an employee already has, what skills they will require in the future and how to implement the training i. e. if it can be carried out by someone already proficient in the task within the company or if the training will have to be outsourced. An evaluation of the training will have to be done to see if it has been cost effective and whether the training possibly needs modifying. At Escape to the Wild they are having problems with the training being mostly ad hoc which means staff are leaving the company. If a proper training and development system was in place then this would minimise this. Pay and Reward To help motivate and retain good staff an appropriate pay and reward structure should be in place. Rewards should be meaningful and vary with the performance. To implement this a pay structure should be set up against job roles, administration of salaries be done, employee benefits should be implemented i. e. company canteen, creche facilities, free health care. Short-term and long-term incentives should be in place i. e. performance related pay rises each year, extra holidays after so many years service, option to join company pension scheme after so many years. At Escape to the Wild salary administration is outsourced, the Finance Director is having to deal with implementing salary increases. Implementing this function will stop these problems. 2. Diagram of recommended HR Department . Roles of HR Department HR Director The role of the Human Resource Director guides and manages the overall provision of HR services. The HR department and staff members are advocates for both the company and the people who work in the company and the HR Director will make sure this is being achieved. They will implement policies and programs for the whole c ompany, be responsible for performance management and improvement systems, organisational planning and development, policy development and documentation, employee relations, compensation and benefits administration, employee safety, welfare and health. The HR Director will report to the Board of Directors. Recruitment Selection Officer The Recruitment and Selection Officer is responsible for delivering all operations of recruiting throughout the company. The need to keep up-to-date with recruitment practises and are responsible for making sure the company employ the best possible candidates. Their objectives should be to develop and execute recruitment plans, implement new recruiting ideas, create job descriptions, construct and implement good recruiting and interviewing techniques, fill positions efficiently, keep up-to-date with managers regarding recruitment effectiveness. They will also look to make sure proper induction procedures are in place for when new recruits join the company. They will report to the HR Director. Administrator to the Recruitment Selection Officer They will maintain records of all applicant and interviewing information. Will assist in reference checking, writing letters of rejection, prepare and send offers of employment, deal with enquiries, keep up-to-date with media advertising costs and perform other duties as required. They will report to the Recruitment Selection Officer. Training Development Officer The Training Development Officer will be responsible for conducting and supervising training and development programs for employees. They will look to seek measures in which to improve employee skills and look to prepare them for jobs within the company requiring greater skill, possibly for people that may be retiring. They will liaise with Line Managers to see what levels of skills employees already have and agree what they are looking to achieve from them. If technological changes are taking place then they will need to make sure employees get the proper training for any new programs/systems. They will need to evaluate training effectiveness and implement any changes if the outcome has not been affective. They are reportable to the HR Director Generalist Officer The Human Resource Generalist Officer manages the day-to-day operations of the HR Team. They will deal with the administration of policies, procedures and programs. They assist in advising managers about any Human Resource issues. They will be concerned with the Health Safety of the workforce and the development of the workforce. This role will be responsible for staff records and any discipline and grievance issues. They will prepare and analyse reports that are necessary to carry out the functions of the department and company, prepare reports for management and they will assist in the implementation of the performance management system (PDP’s). They will report to the HR Director. Administrator for Generalist Officer and Training Development Officer They will assist the Generalist Officer in all administration duties involved in their position. If any policies require changing, then once implemented they will have new documents printed for distribution. Keeping up-to-date administration of employee records will be essential. They will report to the Generalist Officer. The Administrator will be responsible for organisation of training, contacting outsourced companies for times, dates, costing information and then book as required. They will need to inform employees of any training taking place and deal with follow-up paperwork getting employees to evaluate what they learnt from the course to give to the Training Development Officer. If internal training is being carried out then they will look to find out availability of space where training can be carried out and again book relevant dates, times. They will be responsible for making sure paperwork for any employee training is kept up-to-date in employee files. They are reportable to the Training Development Officer. 4. Line Managers responsibilities The Human Resource responsibilities that will be carried out by the Line Managers will be to conduct Performance Development Plan/Appraisal interviews with the staff in their team. The managers have direct contact with their team so will know them better and it also lets the employee feel more at ease. They will evaluate the team in terms of what training needs they require and discuss with the Training Development Officer, again as they work with their team on a day-to-day basis they have a better knowledge of what their team requires. They will approve holidays and submit paperwork to the Generalist Administrator to keep staff records up-to-date, along with any absenteeism, this means they can control when staff will be off so that there is no loss of productivity due to too many people being off at the same time. They will hold regular meetings with their team regarding any issues/concerns they may have and have regular meetings with all HR Advisors to report any issues/concerns. This helps to maintain good communication between employees and the company. 5. The Psychological Contract In any company there is a Psychological Contract, this is the mutual beliefs, perceptions and informal obligations between the employer and the employee. It is different from the formal written contract which only identifies mutual duties and responsibilities in a generalized form. Implementing a good psychological contract by introducing a HR Team within Escape to the Wild will be of benefit to the employees as at the moment there is lack of trust within the company as jobs like training and development are not being carried out correctly, there is not enough staff so employees are overworked and not being appropriately compensated. There are no clear policies and procedures so staff don’t know what they are supposed to be doing and are feeling let down. Implementing good practises and communication will help motivate them. How to cite Human Resource – Escape to the Wild, Papers

Building the atomic bomb Essay Example For Students

Building the atomic bomb Essay The impact of the advances in physics between 1900 and 1938 could have never been predicted at the time of their discovery. The discoveries being made would change not only the world of physics, but also the world as a whole. Because developments were being made in the fields of fission, atoms, and atomic energy, government officials now had to take into consideration the possibility of atomic warfare when making related to international policy. The first of the major world powers to realize the military use of the discoveries in physics was Germany. Soon after, the United States and Britain would begin organizing research teams in the field of fission and nuclear warfare. The fates of these research projects were constantly in question. The decision by Germany, the United States, and Britain to continue research would be influenced by many factors including the progress of other countries research, each countrys confidence in their ability to complete the atomic bomb, and each countrys confidence in the inability of other countries to produce the atomic bomb. The discovery of fission, in December of 19381, would begin the worlds quest to unleash the power of the atom and formulate a way to utilize that power for atomic warfare. This discovery, made in Germany, gave the Germans a head start on the extensive research still to be done in order to produce an atomic bomb. This advantage would soon prove to be short lived. While this discovery overwhelmed the physics world with amazement, it also caused great concern among many physicists and government officials because of the implications in atomic warfare it held. This fear would become the most basic reason for the United States and Britain to pursue atomic research, particularly for military use. Germany was unaware of not only the pressure they were exuding, in the form of fear, on other countries, but also the research that was beginning out of this fear. Germanys ignorance of this research allowed the German research project to continue at the same rate and escape feeling pressure from other countries2. Without pressure from other countries Germany had a false sense of security, which allowed the urgent need to begin research to be ignored. For many years the best physicists and scientists studied and trained in Germany, because of its unrivalled reputation as the best location for scientific education and training available3. After completing their education many scientists chose to remain in Germany doing research or teaching. Prior to 1933 this would have provided Germany with an invaluable resource of information and ideas, but the increasing anti-Semitic attitude in Germany forced many scientists to flee the country. Among the refugees escaping Hitlers anti-Semitism were some of the most crucial contributors to the development of the atomic bomb, such as Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard4. Leo Slizard fled from Germany on March 31, 19335, at which time he went to Britain where he conceived his neuron chain reaction. Slizard continued his research at Oxford in Britain until 1938 at which time he moved to New York City in anticipation and fear of the outbreak of World War II6. Upon moving to New York Slizard and Eugene Wigner began work on plans to avert attainment of an atomic bomb by Germany. In 1939 Slizard and Wigner approached Einstein to help warn the US of the threat posed by Germany. Slizard drafted Einsteins letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt expressing their fear and knowledge of the German Uranium project7. The letter to Roosevelt was powerful enough to convince the US to organize their research on the atomic bomb. While the research in the US was making constant progress, including Rudolf Peierls calculation of the critical mass in Dec. 1940, and Alfred Niers successful separations of natural uranium into U238 and U235 8, the Germans were facing a great deal of frustration. In 1941 Heisenberg reported negative results from his first experiments using a reactor, which caused him to conclude that heavy water must be used9. .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f , .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f .postImageUrl , .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f , .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f:hover , .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f:visited , .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f:active { border:0!important; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f:active , .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf40e55726e13986d698eb85eb2147e6f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Suicide Essay This premature conclusion would affect the progress and fate of the Uranium project. The next set back came in September of 1941 when the previously favored Clusius-Dickel isotope-separation method was abandoned due it becoming thought .

Elizabeth Smith articulating the actor Essay Example For Students

Elizabeth Smith: articulating the actor Essay George Bernard Shaw once wrote of Henry Higgins in Pygmalion, The reformer we need most today is an energetic phonetic enthusiast: that is why I have made such a one the hero of a popular play. Today, Shaws hero could easily be Elizabeth Smith. For more than 30 years, Smith, a vocal consultant and dialect coach, has been teaching actors across the country to speak clearly, project their voices, control their breathing and articulate the written word. It seems appropriate then that one of Smiths most recent projects was coaching Richard Chamberlain and Melissa Errico for their roles as Higgins and Eliza in the new Broadway production of My Fair Lady. Smith speaks modestly about what she does and insists the actors are the real heroes. But when renowned actor Brian Bedford, who worked with Smith more than 10 years ago gets on the phone and quickly slips into buh-duh-guh-dah, guh-duh-buh-dah, the vocal routine she taught him when he was playing Hamlet in Stratford, Conn., you know Smiths influence is far-reaching and vast, and you get a sense that shes helped mold a few flower girls into duchesses in her day. Liz is great, says Bedford. I worked with Lizs mentor, Clifford Turner, at the Royal Academy in London, and I actually thought Liz was better because she improved his training techniques. The sound Liz achieves is more natural and dynamic. Smith, who has instructed such actors as Kevin Kline, Kelly McGillis, Tom Hulce, Stacy Keach, Amy Irving and Dustin Hoffman, says the fascinating thing about voice is that there arent any blueprints. Everyone is different. There are nonetheless certain basic principles, and as Smith tries to explain them, she gets frustrated trying to put into words what is best conveyed one-on-one in the private time between a teacher and a student. I really hate talking about voice because it always sounds vague and mystical and part of it is mystical, she says. The mind and the heart and the spirit are very much involved in it. George Bernard Shaw once wrote of Henry Higgins in Pygmalion, The reformer we need most today is an energetic phonetic enthusiast: that is why I have made such a one the hero of a popular play. Today, Shaws hero could easily be Elizabeth Smith. For more than 30 years, Smith, a vocal consultant and dialect coach, has been teaching actors across the country to speak clearly, project their voices, control their breathing and articulate the written word. It seems appropriate then that one of Smiths most recent projects was coaching Richard Chamberlain and Melissa Errico for their roles as Higgins and Eliza in the new Broadway production of My Fair Lady. Smith speaks modestly about what she does and insists the actors are the real heroes. But when renowned actor Brian Bedford, who worked with Smith more than 10 years ago gets on the phone and quickly slips into buh-duh-guh-dah, guh-duh-buh-dah, the vocal routine she taught him when he was playing Hamlet in Stratford, Conn., you know Smiths influence is far-reaching and vast, and you get a sense that shes helped mold a few flower girls into duchesses in her day. Liz is great, says Bedford. I worked with Lizs mentor, Clifford Turner, at the Royal Academy in London, and I actually thought Liz was better because she improved his training techniques. The sound Liz achieves is more natural and dynamic. Smith, who has instructed such actors as Kevin Kline, Kelly McGillis, Tom Hulce, Stacy Keach, Amy Irving and Dustin Hoffman, says the fascinating thing about voice is that there arent any blueprints. Everyone is different. There are nonetheless certain basic principles, and as Smith tries to explain them, she gets frustrated trying to put into words what is best conveyed one-on-one in the private time between a teacher and a student. I really hate talking about voice because it always sounds vague and mystical and part of it is mystical, she says. The mind and the heart and the spirit are very much involved in it.

Critical Thinking Essay Example

Critical Thinking Essay Abrahem Helal University of Maryland University College DMBA 610 / Section 9045 / Individual Research Paper 1 Critical Thinking This paper, examination, report, or the section thereof for which I have indicated responsibility, is my own work. Any assistance I received in its preparation is acknowledged within the report or examination, in accordance with academic practice. For any data, ideas, words, diagrams, pictures, or other information from any source, quoted or not, I have cited the sources fully and completely in footnotes and bibliographical entries, as required. Furthermore, I certify that the material was prepared by me specifically for this class and has not been submitted, in whole or significant part, to any other class in this university or elsewhere, or used for any purpose other than satisfying the requirements of this class, except that I am allowed to submit this material to a professional publication, peer reviewed journal, or professional conference. In adding my name following the word Signature, I intend that this certification will have the same authority and authenticity as a document executed with my hand-written signature. SignatureAbrahem HelalDateFebruary 17, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction3 Step 1: What are the issue and conclusions? 3 Step 2: What are the reasons? 4 Step 3: What words or phrases are ambiguous? 5 Step 4: What are the value and descriptive assumptions and conflicts? 7 Step 5: Are there any fallacies in the reasoning? 8 Step 6: How good is the evidence? 9 Step 7: Are there any rival causes? 10 Step 8: A re the statistics deceptive? 11 Step 9: What significant information has been omitted? 2 Step 10: What reasonable conclusions are possible? 13 References14 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to apply each of the steps of the critical thinking model developed by (Browne Keeley, 2012) to assess the arguments presented in a memo prepared by Ms. Mary Ford (personal communication, January 30, 2012), hereafter referred to as â€Å"the memo†, who is the Director of the Amalgamated Public Employees Union (APEU) Local No. 121 to Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hector Fuentes, the President of APEU Local No. 121, contesting a memo drafted by New Mexico Governor Gloria Gainor (personal communication, October 20, 2011) informing the APEU Local No. 121 of the intent to outsource and privatize the New Mexico Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) information systems management function. Step 1: What are the issue and conclusions? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 2) Issue:In the memo the issue described is of a prescriptive nature. It is one that is â€Å"ethical or moral in nature and raises questions about what is right and wrong, desirable or undesirable, good or bad† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 20). Specifically the issue is should Governor Gainor proceed with the proposed outsourcing and privatization of the New Mexico DMV information systems management function which would potentially adversely affect state employees, 43 of whom are members of APEU Local No. 121. Conclusion:In the memo Ms. Ford concludes that the APEU Local No. 21 should rebut the Governor’s proposed privatization of the DMV information systems management function â€Å"as an unfair management practice† that will lead to APEU members losing their jobs in a manner which â€Å"violates the principles of the Pendleton Act of 1883 â€Å"which stipulates that government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and made it illegal to arbitrarily and capriciously fire or demote government employees† (Milestone Documents, n. d. ) Step 2: What are the reasons? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 3) According to Browne Keeley, â€Å"the worth of a conclusion cannot be determined until the reasons behind the opinion are identified. Reasons are explanations or rationales for why a conclusion should be believed† (Browne Keeley, 2012, pp. 29-30). In the memo Ms. Ford gives the following reasons to rationalize her conclusion. 1) The proposed outsourcing and privatization of the DMV information systems management function is â€Å"anti-American and an assault on APEU Local No. 121 members†. ) The proposed privatization will â€Å"set the stage for state government to decrease employee wages in the future† because foreign companies will vie for this privatization and accept wages lower than APEU Local 121 members. 3) Outsourcing public services to the private corporations is not good for the economy, leads to instability, and only serves to benefit corporations who are only concerned with turning a profit. â€Å"If corporate greed isn’t satisfied, the com panies will pull out leaving the public high and dry†. ) Outsourcing and privatization are the cause of the current recession and the proposed privatization will only exasperate unemployment in New Mexico. 5) Permitting the proposed privatization will result in the same thing happening in other departments leading to further disbursement of union members and diminished union strength. 6) The proposed privatization is nothing more than the Governor â€Å"attempting to demonstrate that management controls the union and to force out older experienced workers†. ) Privatization of public sector responsibilities will result in â€Å"the state losing control of its information systems and citizen data will be compromised†. 8) Outsourcing doesn’t save money, as the Governor has suggested. â€Å"Costs associated with overseeing third-party contractors adds 20% of hidden costs to the price of each outsourced government contract†. 9) Customer service will suff er as a result of outsourcing to foreign companies. â€Å"There will inevitably be communication and culture clash issues which will only further costs†. 0) Privatization and outsourcing violates the Pendleton Act of 1883 which was â€Å"established to protect government employees from illegal termination or demotion† (Wikipedia, n. d. , p. 1). Step 3: What words or phrases are ambiguous? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 4) According to Browne Keeley, â€Å"ambiguity refers to the existence of multiple possible meanings for a word or phrase† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 41). Ambiguity results whenever a word or a phrase can have more than one distinct and valid meaning and can usually be eliminated through extra information. In the memo there are several ambiguous words and phrases that require further explanation. 1) The Governor states that privatization will result in â€Å"approximately† $250,000. 00 per year in budgeted personnel costs. What does approximately mean? Is it plus or minus $5,000. 00, $10,000. 00, $50,000. 00? The word approximately does not give a clear picture of the projected savings. 2) The Governor promises union members will be offered â€Å"similar positions† in other departments as they arise through attrition. What does the Governor actually mean by similar positions? The word similar can be interpreted in many different ways and requires further clarification. 3) Ms. Ford states that privatization is an â€Å"assault† on our union and â€Å"anti-American†. Both assault and anti-American are easily interpreted in various ways depending on the reader. Assault can mean unlawful or violent act. Following the word assault up with anti-American gives it a little more clarity in the context of this memo, however anti-American can mean many different things as well. 4) Ms. Ford states that privatization will lead to â€Å"decreased† employee wages. While any decrease isn’t desirable, a slight / small decrease may be tolerable. As such the word decreased requires further clarification. 5) Ms. Ford states that she had lunch the other day with a â€Å"group† of union members and â€Å"everyone† was in agreement. What was the size of the group and who is everyone? Is everyone those that she went to lunch with and if so just how many people is that? Or is everyone all the members of APEU Local 121. Everyone is a vague term to describe a group of people and requires further clarification. 6) Ms. Ford states that New Mexico will â€Å"lose control† of information systems and data will be compromised. The phrase lose control has a loose interpretation. In many instances where public information is managed by private entities that information is solely the property of the government. Her use of the phrase lose control implies that the government will no longer have any claim or oversight to the public information being managed by the private companies. Step 4: What are the value and descriptive assumptions and conflicts? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 5) Assessing value and descriptive assumptions serves to identify hidden assumptions specified to justify a conclusion. Browne Keeley define a value assumption as â€Å"an implicit preference for one value over another in a particular context. Value assumptions are beliefs about how the world should be† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 59). Browne Keeley go on to define descriptive assumptions as â€Å"beliefs about the way the world was, is, or will be† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 65). In the context of the memo there are several value and descriptive assumptions. To begin with Ms. Ford states that that the proposed privatization is an assault on the union as well as anti-American. As a union member herself, Ms. Ford is partial to the union and has a clear interest in protecting union jobs. Her opinion is subjective and not a proven fact. It is an arguable assumption about the way the world is. In fact â€Å"the real issue is not so much public vs. private, it is monopoly vs. competition. A key issue in the trend towards privatization is the introduction of competition (e. g. , public-public competition, public-private competition, competition between public-private ventures, public-nonprofit competition) to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve quality and customer satisfaction† (Nightingale Pindus, 1997). Ms. Ford goes on to assert that based on her personal experience and those of her brother-in-law, who was downsized out of a job, this pattern of privatization, if not stopped, will continue and will further exasperate the existing recession. She goes on to allege that there will not be ample replacement jobs and that union members will be forced to accept lower wages due to increased competition. These are assumptions which demonstrate the way she believes the world will be. Step 5: Are there any fallacies in the reasoning? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 6) Browne Keeley define a fallacy â€Å"as a reasoning trick used as a mechanism for persuasion. It is an attack or insult used as an argument rather than directly addressing the reasoning in a comment† (Browne Keeley, 2012, pp. 74-75). In the context of the memo the most obvious fallacy is Ms. Ford emotionally referring to Governor Gainor as a bully, an ad hominem fallacy described by Browne Keeley as â€Å"against the man or against the person. It is attacking the messenger, in this case the Governor, instead of addressing the message. † (Browne keeley, 2012, pp. 75). Throughout the entire memo Ms. Ford uses glittering generality words such as â€Å"anti-American† and â€Å"instability† which are both vague and emotionally charged in attempt to gain support. The use of glittering generality words such as these do not support her argument and only serve as an attempt to exhort an emotional reaction by diverting attention from the issue. Other fallacies employed by Ms. Ford include the slippery slope fallacy. Ms. Ford declares that if the proposed privatization is allowed to happen then this pattern will continue on into other departments and will heighten an existing recession. This is an assertion on her part that the proposed privatization will â€Å"set off an uncontrollable chain of undesirable events† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 77). Finally, Ms. Ford concludes her argument with affirmatory statements such as â€Å"our members will lose their jobs to gain marginal efficiencies† and â€Å"violates the merit principle enshrined in the Pendleton Act of 1883†. These are arguments in which â€Å"the conclusion is assumed in the reasoning, or rather, begging the question fallacy† (Brown Keeley, 2012, p. 85). Step 6: How good is the evidence? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapters 7 8) Browne Keeley state that critical thinking requires evaluation of the evidence provided and in doing so one must ask what is the proof, where is the evidence and how reliable is it? In the memo Ms. Ford inserts the personal experience of her brother-in-law, who was downsized in a different state and remains unemployed, as proof the proposed privatization will result in the same for her and other APEU Local No. 121 union members. However she fails to provide any evidence of why her brother-in-law was downsized or the reasons for which he remains unemployed. She makes the hasty generalization that because this happened to her brother-in-law it will happen to the members of APEU Local No. 121 and continue on from there. Further Ms. Ford attempts to engage the Pendleton Act of 1883 as an argument against the proposed privatization stating that it is â€Å"unfair and in violation† of the act. However she omits any explanation of the Pendleton Act which stipulates that â€Å"government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit. It provided for selection of government employees through competitive examinations. It also made it unlawful to fire or demote covered employees for political reasons or to require them to give political service or payment† (Digital History, 2012). In no place does the Pendleton Act state that public service employees cannot be downsized or moved to other departments or positions in pursuit of increased efficiencies. Further, Ms. Ford asserts that the proposed outsourcing will be awarded to a foreign firm. She provides absolutely no evidence that this will happen and in fact makes a rash assumption that has no merit. Finally, Ms. Ford makes a final and concluding emotional plea to Union President Hector Fuentes stating that the proposed privatization is unjust and will result in the loss of jobs. In doing so she is attempting to persuade Mr. Fuentes to follow is heart and intuition. Step 7: Are there any rival causes? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 9) Browne Keeley define a rival cause as â€Å"a plausible alternative explanation that can explain why a certain outcome will or has occurred† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 128). In the context of the memo, Ms. Ford states that the proposed privatization will lead to union workers having to accept lower wages as â€Å"foreign agents will bid for the contract and accept lower wages than union members receive†. She continues on to declare that if this is not stopped it will lead to the same thing happening in other departments with the government continuing to both downsize union employees and drive down wages in the future. This is a post hoc fallacy in that she is assuming this will happen simply because of this single privatization proposal by Governor Gainor. Her statements are a casual oversimplification where she â€Å"relies on factors that are insufficient to substantiate her conclusions† (Browne keeley, 2012, p. 131). Ms. Ford goes on to say that the proposed privatization will lead to â€Å"communication and culture clash problems† resulting in diminished customer service. Again, this is a baseless casual oversimplification and lacks merit. Finally, Ms. Ford implores Mr. Fuentes â€Å"not to give in to the Governor’s proposal as the government will not respect APEU Local No. 121 power in future negotiations of any kind†. In doing so one must ask what her true objective is. Is it to protect union jobs or to maintain a fighting position with government? Step 8: Are the statistics deceptive? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 10) Browne Keeley state that â€Å"statistics can and often lie. They do not necessarily prove what they appear to prove. One must ask are the statistics deceptive† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 142)? In the context of the memo Ms. Ford gives two distinct figures and fails to provide any supporting evidence that they are indeed factual. First she states that â€Å"according to her brother-in-law, management uses the promise of rehire to gain union support for outsourcing and 80% of the time they don’t keep their promise†. This statistic was a figure she was given by her unemployed relative that was recently downsized and is likely an exaggerated figure that has not been scrutinized. She goes on to state that privatization â€Å"does not save money and that according to a recent Wall Street newspaper, the additional costs of overseeing third-party contractors adds 20% of hidden costs to the price of each government outsourcing contract†. Once again one must ask which â€Å"recent† Wall Street newspaper did this statistic come from and what other supporting sources are there to supplement this figure. Finally, Ms. Ford states that she went to lunch with a group of union members and that â€Å"everyone was in agreement†. In doing so she attempts to imply that the union as a whole is in agreement and will support the re-election of Mr. Fuentes. However, she fails to state the size of the group she had lunch with. A group can be as few as two people. Her failure to give specifics on the group diminishes from her alleging that all union members were in agreement. Step 9: What significant information has been omitted? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 11) Browne Keeley state that â€Å"significant omitted information is information that shapes the reasoning. Arguments often attempt to deceive and the arguer often will have different values, beliefs, and attitudes† (Browne Keeley, 2012, pp. 153-154). Omitted information can alter a conclusion and thus it is essential to recognize when relevant information has been omitted. In the context of the memo both Governor Gainor and Ms. Ford omit relevant information. Governor Gainor states that the proposed privatization will save the state approximately $250,000. 00 per year in budgeted annual personnel costs and that those who lose their positions as a result will be moved to other similar positions as vacancies arise through attrition. Governor Gainor fails to explain what the other similar positions are and how they will be filled as vacancies arise since the term attrition literally means a reduction in size. Her statement is conflicting and lacks meaningful information that could alter the conclusion. In making her argument Ms. Ford leaves out an array of relevant information in blaming outsourcing as the cause of the current recession. She provides absolutely no evidence to substantiate this clam and inserts the under detailed personal experience of her brother-in-law to establish her case. Further Ms. Ford includes several statistics in an attempt to make the case against privatization. First she states that according to her brother-in-law, 80% management does not keep their promise for rehire. Next she states that there are an additional 20% in hidden costs when outsourcing public service jobs. In presenting both statistics Ms. Ford fails to provide any supporting information to confirm these figures. Finally, Ms. Ford concluded her argument by stating the Governor should abandon the wasteful convention center project. At no point does she provide any reinforcing information to show the convention center project is indeed wasteful. Instead it appears to be a comment based on personal and biased opinion. Step 10: What reasonable conclusions are possible? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 12) Browne Keeley place significant emphasis on â€Å"qualifying conclusions by putting them into context† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 164). In other words it is important to understand the reasons to draw the conclusions. Having read and scrutinized the memo the following is a short list of conclusions that can be gleaned along with what can be drawn from supporting reasons: 1) The state of New Mexico could potentially save $250,000. 00 per year in budgeted personnel costs but will first need to work closely with APEU Local No. 121 members to give them a clear understanding of their future employment and compensation prospects. 2) There are hidden costs associated with outsourcing that need to be considered and may make privatization an unviable option. ) Outsourcing the information systems management function of the New Mexico DMV poses security risks that must be explored. These security risks and associated hidden costs of third party oversight may make privatization unpractical. 4) There are other public projects that can be looked at for state budgetary savings. However, APEU Local No. 121 members must realize that other projects likely employ other union members and cuts to those projects will affect unrelated employees. References Browne, M. N. , Keeley, S. M. (2012). Asking the right questions (10th ed. ). Pearson Education, Inc. Digital History. (2012). The pendleton act (1883). Retrieved from http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/disp_textbook. cfm? smtID=3psid=1098 Milestone Documents. (n. d. ). Pendleton civil service act. Retrieved from http://www. milestonedocuments. com/documents/view/pendleton-civil-service-act Nightingale, D. , Pindus, N. (1997). Privatization of public social services: a background paper. Retrieved from http://www. urban. org/publications/407023. html Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Pendleton civil reform act. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pendleton_Civil_Service_Reform_Act Critical Thinking Essay Example Critical Thinking Essay Prerequisite: none Course Description: English languages skills for critical reading from different sources and media and effective writing on topics of students’ interests. Course Objectives: Students will be able to 1. analyze and synthesize information 2. write effectively Course Contents:No. f Lect. HoursSelf-Study 1. Introduction1. 5 2. Unit 1 Critical Reading4. 5 3. Unit 2 Bridge to Critical Thinking4. 5 4. Unit 3 Effective Writing7. 5 5. Unit 4 Weighing It Out9 6. Unit 5 Looking for a Reason9 7. Unit 6 Finding a Way Out9 8. Self-Study 90 Total45Course Evaluations: 1. Attendance10 % (Take off 1 point for each absence. Only 15 minutes-late is allowed, Otherwise 0. 5 point is deducted. ) 2. Writing (In-class writing)30 % 2. 1 In-Class Writing I : Summary 6 % . 2 In-Class Writing II : Is it the same? 8 % 2. 3 In-Class Writing III : It’s time to debate. 8 % 2. 4 In-Class Writing IV : It’s time to find the way out. 8 % 3. Midterm Exam30 % 4. Final Exam30 % Total 100 % Class Attendance Notice: No in-class writing make up unless a medical report from Maharaj Hospital is presented or the course coordinators of English 201 allows the make up. Students whose absence is 7 classes will not be allowed to go for the final examination.